Effect of Early Feed Restriction on Protein and Energy Balance in Broiler Chickens

U. Santoso
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bengkulu University
Jalan Raya Kandang Limun, Bengkulu, Indonesia

ABSTRACT
This experiment was conducted to evaluate effect of early feed restriction on energy and protein balance in broiler chickens. One hundred and eighty broilers were distributed to four treatment group with 45 broilers for each group. Broilers were fed ad libitum through out the experiment as the control, and other three groups were fed 75% ad libitum for 5, 10 or 15 days started at 5 days of age. The present results showed that early feed restriction improved the balance of energy and protein in broiler chickens. There was negative correlation between protein retention and feed conversion ratio. Energy retention was also negatively correlated with feed conversion ratio. In conclusion restricting broiler chickens for 15 days started from 5 days of age improved the retension of protein and energy.
Key Words: Energy Retention, Protein Retention, Early Feed Restriction

Effect of Fermented Chub Mackerel Extract on Lipid Metabolism of Diabetic Rats

U. SANTOSO1, S. ISHIKAWA and K. TANAKA2
1Departement of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bengkulu University, Bengkulu, Indonesia.
2Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Division of Bioresources and Bioproduction, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0809, Japan

ABSTRACT
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of fermented chub mackerel extract (FCME) on lipid metabolism in diabetic rats. Four week-old male Wistar rats were divided into three groups based on weight. All rats were induced with diabetes mellitus by single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin at 45 mg/kg body weight. Thereafter, they were randomly distributed to three treatments with 7 rats assigned to each treatment. One group was the control with no additive, and two-treatment groups were given the purified diets supplemented with 1% or 2% FCME. Experimental results showed that in comparison with the control, diabetic rats fed FCME increased feed intake (p<0.01) and body weight gain (p<0.05). FCME inclusion significantly reduced the activities of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (p<0.01) and fatty acid synthetase (p<0.05) in diabetic rats. FCME significantly increased cholesterol 7-hydroxylase with no effect on HMG-CoA reductase activity. FCME had no effect on hepatic triglyceride, free cholesterol and phospholipid. FCME inclusion at 1% level significantly reduced serum triglyceride. FCME significantly increased HDL-cholesterol (p<0.05) with no effect on LDL + VLDL-cholesterol, and significantly reduced atherogenic index. FCME did not significantly affect serum insulin and glucose concentration. In conclusion, FCME supplementation altered lipid metabolism in diabetic rats. FCME supplementation reduced the risk of atherosclerosis in diabetic rats.

Key words: Fermented chub mackerel extract, lipid metabolism, diabetic rat

The Effect of Sauropus androgynus Extract and Lemuru Oil on Fat Deposition and Fatty Acid Composition of Meat in Broiler Chickens

U. Santoso, Kususiyah dan Y. Fenita
Department of Animal Science, Faculty f Agriculture, Bengkulu University
Jalan Raya WR Supratman, Bengkulu

ABTRACT
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Sauropus androgynus extract (SAE) and lemuru oil (LO) on fat deposition and fatty acid composition of meat in broiler chickens. One hundred and fifty six broiler chickens were distributed to 13 treatment groups with 3 cages in each treatment group as replicate. Completely randomized design was used in this study. The thirteen groups were as follows: 1) Broiler chickens were fed diet contained commercial feed supplement as a control; 2) Broiler chickens were fed diet contained 10 g/kg diet SAE and 1% LO; 3) Broiler chickens were fed diet contained 10 g/kg diet SAE and 1% LO plus 60 mg vitamin E; 4) Broiler chickens were fed diet contained 10 g/kg diet SAE and 2% LO; 5) Broiler chickens were fed diet contained 10 g/kg diet SAE and 2% LO plus 60 mg vitamin E; 6) Broiler chickens were fed diet contained 10 g/kg diet SAE and 3% LO; 7) Broiler chickens were fed diet contained 10 g/kg diet SAE and 3% LO plus 60 mg vitamin E; 8) Broiler chickens were fed diet contained 18 g/kg diet SAE and 1% LO; 9) Broiler chickens were fed diet contained 18 g/kg diet SAE and 1% LO plus 60 mg vitamin E; 10 Broiler chickens were fed diet contained 18 g/kg diet SAE and 2% LO; 11) Broiler chickens were fed diet contained 18 g/kg diet SAE and 2% LO plus 60 mg vitamin E; 12) Broiler chickens were fed diet contained 18 g/kg diet SAE and 3% LO; 13) Broiler chickens were fed diet contained 18 g/kg diet SAE and 3% LO plus 60 mg vitamin E. The data were analyzed by variance analysis and if it were significant, it were tested by DMRT.The present results showed that supplementation of SAE and LO significantly affected fat deposition in abdomen and leg (P<0.05), but it had no effect on neck fat deposition and fatty acid syndrome. The present results showed that supplementation of SAE and LO had significantly reduced cholesterol content (P<0.05) and TBA (P<0.05) in leg meat, but it significantly increased vitamin A and vitamin E (P<0.05) and it had no effect on fat in leg meat. Supplementation of SAE and LO was proved to change fatty acid composition in leg meat. The treatment significantly increased EPA, DHA (P<0.01), arachidonic acid and stearic acid (P<0.05), but it significantly reduced linolenic acid (P<0.05). In conclusion, the supplementation of SAE and LO reduced fat deposition in abdomen and leg, the content of cholesterol in meat, and it enriched EPA and DHA of meat.

Key words: Sauropus androgynus, Lemuru oil, cholesterol, fatty acid, fat deposition

Sauropus androgunus

Sauropus androgynus leave is good for your health. It was found that this medical herb reduced fat deposition, cholesterol, triglyceride in egg and meat. In Taiwan, this herb has been used to reduce body weight and fat in human being. Sauropus is rich in methyl-pyroglutamate, steroid, benzoic acid etc. These secundary metabolic compounds have important role in nutrition metabolism. However, this herb also has side effect, namely it may cause lung disorder. But don't be worry, this will occur if you consume a large amount with long consumption.